In approximating costs, the estimator considers the possible causes of variation of the cost estimates, including（） .

On some projects, especially ones of smaller scope, activity sequencing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, and （） are so tightly linked that they are viewed as a single process that can be performed by a person over a relatively short period of time.

Project （） Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

In the project management context,（） includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion, successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations.

Organizations perform work to achieve a set of objectives. Generally, work can be categorized as either projects or operations, although the two sometimes are（）

（）from one phase are usually reviewed for completeness and accuracy and approved before work starts on the next phase.

（）involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance. These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it, and can be within the same or in another application area.

（）is the budgeted amount for the work actually completed on the schedule activity or WBS component during a given time period.

PDM includes four types of dependencies or precedence relationships: （）. The completion of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity.

The process of（）schedule activity durations uses information on schedule activity scope of work, required resource types, estimated resource quantities, and resource calendars with resource availabilities.