The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a（）linguistics.

Pragmatics

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Syntax

Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.

P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.