Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.

General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.

Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.

Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.

The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）

Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.

Syntax

Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Semantics