A “bowline” is used to（）.

A chart projection depicting the poles and a small area on either side of a connecting meridian，that is sometimes used for star charts，is the（）.

A “spring line” is（）.

A chart with a natural scale of 1:160，000 is classified as a（）.

A buoy with a composite group-flashing light indicates a(n)（）.

A block and tackle is “rove to advantage”. This means that the（）.

A celestial body’s complete orbit around another body is（）.

A chain bridle is used when towing astern because it（）.

A VLCC (100，000 DWT+) with a 30，000 Shaft Horsepower Steam Turbine is slow to respond to engine movements and has less stopping power than normal ships because it has a（）.

A casualty report of an intentional grounding of a ship is required under what condition?（）