In consolidation service， it is usually the consignor who issues to each consignee his bill of lading.

Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include （）。

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

Liquid goods are transported by road in （）.

On traffic lanes where demand is strong and plane capacity is limited， the air rates will be （）and vice versa for traffic lanes where supply exceeds demand.

Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

For transport of hazardous materials， truckers need a licence， which usually requires them to pass an exam.

“Shipment is to be made in the second half of a month.” means shipment to be made from （）.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

In（）the bunker is payable by the shipowner.