There are three major routes of container transportation： Far East to North America， Far East to Europe and Mediterranean， North America to Europe and Mediterranean.

The bill of lading serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea between the（）.

Currently， different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place.（）transport does not refer to multimodal transport.

In consolidation service， it is usually the consignor who issues to each consignee his bill of lading.

Since the freight payments are taken care of by the freight forwarder， the carrier doesn′t have to take any （）.

In marine time chartering， the following（）terms are normally appeared in the time charter party.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.

General average and salvage charges are covered both in FPA and WA coverage.

（） is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail.