Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

In marine time chartering， the following（）terms are normally appeared in the time charter party.

The freight forwarders， on behalf of the consignee， would arrange customs clearance and pay duties， fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include （）。

The（）may examine or re-examine the goods or take samples from them straightaway in the absence of the consignee or the consignor whenever it considers this necessary.

Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.

Which of the following coverage usually covers partial loss or damage resulting from natural calamities？（）

Currently， different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place.（）transport does not refer to multimodal transport.