單項(xiàng)選擇題對(duì)上消化道出血時(shí)出血量的估計(jì)最有價(jià)值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：（）

A.血紅蛋白濃度測定
B.血細(xì)胞比容測定
C.嘔血與黑糞的頻度與量
D.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞測定
E.血容量減少所導(dǎo)致的周圍循環(huán)衰竭的臨床表現(xiàn)


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1.單項(xiàng)選擇題The following is true of haematemesis：（）

A.When it occurs ina patient with alcoholic liver disease，it is always due to oesophageal varices.
B.A visible vessel seen at gastroscopy is not a risk factor for further bleeding.
C.When it occurs in patientsover 70 years of age who may have arthritis，ususlly indicates malignancy.
D.When it occurs afrer repeated retching，it is suggestive of an oesophageal tear.
E.When it is caused by duodenal ulcer，a partial gastrectomy is usually necessary.