翻譯：Meanahile ,steel pipes that would carry the oil were being developed . These were the first oil pipelines which take the advantage of the fact the oil is a liqnid. The ideas of a pipeline were not new , water has been transported through pipes for handreds of year ,The oil pipeline were not accepted without a struggle, hower.

翻譯：There are two approaches to the problem of determining the fluid saturation within a reservoir rock. The direct approach is to measure, in the laboratory, the saturation of selected rock samples recovered from the parent formation. The indirect approach is to determine the fluid saturation by measuring some related physical property of the rock.

翻譯：The HF-HCI mixture (usually 3-percent HF and 12-percent HCI) then is injected. The HF reacts with calys, sand, drilling mud, or cement filtrate to improve permeability near the well-bore.The HCI will not react and is present to keep the PH low, preventing precipitation of HF reaction products. Sent to keep the PH low, preventing precipitation of HF reaction products.

翻譯：Practically every rig uses internal-combustion engines as its prime power source, or its prime mover.

翻譯：In addition to being useful as an exploration tool, subsurface maps are a necessary part of any reservoir engineering study; and petroleum engineers, as well as geologists, must be completely familiar with their construction and interpretation.

翻譯：It has been suggested that an effective oil source rock generates 10-40 bbl or oil per acre ft (0.0013-0.0052 cc/cc) for each one per cent of organic carbon. This is approximately 500-2000 ppm by weight.

翻譯：Gas lift is particularly applicable for lifting wells where high-pressure gas is available.Gas compressors may have been installed for gas injection, or high-pressure gas wells may be nearby. Since the cost of compression far exceeds the cost of down hole gas lift equipment, gas lift always should be considered when an adequate volume of high-pressure gas is available for wells requiring artificial lift. Most wells can be depleted by gas lift,which is particularly true since the implementation of reservoir pressure maintenance programs in most major oil fields.

翻譯：A major oil company usually initiates the sequence of events that leads to the drilling of oil and gas wells in foreign fields, but independent oil operators pay for most of the wells in the United States. In fact, about 80% of all wells drilled in the U.S. today are financed by independents.

翻譯：A portion of the sample is used to determine the gravity of the oil expressed in AIP unit the lighter the oil, the higher the API gravity .In most cases the price paid for the coude is determined in prat by the API gravity, hence ,the importance of careful gravity determination in each instance.

翻譯：An acidizing treatment for a sandstone formation normally will consist of sequentially injecting three fluids---a preflush, the hydrofluoric acid hydrochloric acid mixture, and an after flush. These fluids serve definite purposes.